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PUC Opens Investigation On Whether Time of Use Default Service Rates Should Be Offered

June 20, 2025

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Copyright 2025 EnergyChoiceMatters.com
Reporting by Paul Ring • ring@energychoicematters.com

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The Maine PUC opened an investigation to consider whether the state's investor-owned electric utilities should be required to develop and offer time of use rates for Standard Offer service for residential and small business customers.

"The Commission opens this investigation to determine whether time of use rates for electric delivery and default supply service in Maine can be designed in a way that assures short-term and long-term savings to residential and small business customers while ensuring utilities have an opportunity to earn a reasonable return," the PUC said

"If so, the Commission will consider adopting an order to direct CMP and Versant to undertake to implement appropriate delivery rates and to prepare billing and metering systems for TOU standard offer rates," the PUC said

"Further steps needed to implement TOU standard offer rates would need to occur in different dockets," the PUC said

The PUC previously received a report from a consultant with TOU recommendations. Among other things, the consultant report had recommended that:

• The Commission should adopt an opt-out TOU rate structure. [in other words, customers would have a choice in Standard Offer rates: the TOU rate which would be the default rate, and an optional flat Standard Offer rate would be available]. The consultant does not recommend mandatory TOU Standard Offer rates which would require all customers taking SOS to be enrolled in a TOU rate

• The Commission should require alignment of TOU enrollment across both distribution and supply services.

--- Customers should be required to enroll in aligned (both flat or both TOU) rates for SOS supply and distribution services. Aligning supply and distribution rates allows for the Commission to apply an effective price differential as well as avoid excessive administrative burdens for utilities.

• The Commission should adopt a 12-month stay restriction for customers who elect to opt in or opt out of a TOU rate.

--- Assuming opt-in/opt-out TOU rates, a 12-month stay restriction is typical after providing an initial opportunity for customers to elect their status. Enforcing a 12-month commitment period helps ensure stability and accurate cost forecasting.

• Widespread TOU rate deployment should be conducted in waves.

--- Conducting the rollout in waves allows for adjustments to the utility system and eases the potential for sudden spikes in customer service demand. This approach is facilitated by the use of administrative methods for converting flat SOS rates into TOU rates (or vice versa).

• The Commission should pursue residential TOU rates that incorporate all relevant time-varying energy costs, including wholesale energy prices, capacity costs, network service costs, and distribution system marginal costs.

• The Commission should initially adopt a straightforward TOU structure consisting of one clearly defined on-peak period and one off-peak period.

• A near-term residential TOU period adopted in Maine should treat the hours of 3:00-8:00 pm on non-holiday weekdays as on-peak.

• In the near term, a single, year-round TOU rate design is appropriate for Maine.

• The Commission should establish a TOU rate differential in excess of a 2:1 ratio between on-peak and off-peak rates.

• The Commission should set up bill protection for customers for the first year following enrollment in a TOU rate.

• The Commission should work with the utilities to provide shadow billing [with respect to flat vs. TOU] on customers’ bills prior to the wide rollout of TOU rates.

• The Commission should adopt a revenue-neutral supply TOU rate with a cost reconciliation mechanism.

--- Under this approach, the Commission would initially establish differentiated on-peak and off-peak TOU rates based on anticipated usage patterns. These rates would be structured in a manner that does not increase or decrease total revenue collected compared to existing flat rates. Then, to ensure ongoing revenue neutrality, a reconciliation mechanism would periodically adjust the TOU rate differentials to reflect actual customer usage patterns and supplier costs recovery outcomes. This approach ensures suppliers are neither disadvantaged nor excessively compensated due to discrepancies between projected and realized load shifts. By decoupling supplier compensation from load forecasting accuracy, this structure encourages broader supplier participation in SOS bidding and has proven effective in other retail choice jurisdictions.

• The Commission should only require one type of bid (flat or time-differentiated) from SOS bidders. This bid should be convertible into alternative representations of the rate using pre-published adjustment factors.

Docket No. 2025-00176

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